What is a VAT calculator?
To add VAT, multiply the net price by (1 + rate ÷ 100): £100 plus 20% VAT is £120. To remove VAT from a gross price, divide by (1 + rate ÷ 100): £120 ÷ 1.2 = £100, so the VAT inside it is £20, not 20% of £120.
Features
- Add VAT or remove VAT
- Standard rates for the UK and all 27 EU countries
- Reduced and zero rates by typing them
- Pounds, euros, dollars and 11 other currencies
- Copy the breakdown for a quote or email
How to use the VAT calculator
- Choose Add VAT or Remove VAT.
- Enter the amount.
- Pick your country, or tap or type the rate.
- Read the net, VAT and gross amounts, and copy them if you need to.
VAT formulas with worked examples
| You know | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Net price (before VAT) | VAT = net × rate ÷ 100 | £100 at 20% → VAT £20, gross £120 |
| Gross price (VAT included) | Net = gross ÷ (1 + rate ÷ 100) | £120 at 20% → net £100, VAT £20 |
| Net, at Germany's 19% | Gross = net × 1.19 | €250 → VAT €47.50, gross €297.50 |
| Gross, at the UK 5% reduced rate | Net = gross ÷ 1.05 | £63 → net £60, VAT £3 |
The common mistake is removing VAT by taking 20% off the gross price. 20% of £120 is £24, but the VAT inside £120 is £20. At a 20% rate, the VAT in a gross price is always one sixth of it.
Standard VAT rates in the UK and EU
The standard rate applies to most goods and services. Reduced and zero rates cover things like food, books, children's goods and domestic energy, and they differ by country and product. Rates as checked on 15 November 2026 against the European Commission and GOV.UK:
| Country | Standard rate |
|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 20% |
| Austria | 20% |
| Belgium | 21% |
| Bulgaria | 20% |
| Croatia | 25% |
| Cyprus | 19% |
| Czechia | 21% |
| Denmark | 25% |
| Estonia | 24% |
| Finland | 25.5% |
| France | 20% |
| Germany | 19% |
| Greece | 24% |
| Hungary | 27% |
| Ireland | 23% |
| Italy | 22% |
| Latvia | 21% |
| Lithuania | 21% |
| Luxembourg | 17% |
| Malta | 18% |
| Netherlands | 21% |
| Poland | 23% |
| Portugal | 23% |
| Romania | 21% |
| Slovakia | 23% |
| Slovenia | 22% |
| Spain | 21% |
| Sweden | 25% |
Rates change, sometimes at short notice. Confirm the rate for your product with your tax authority or accountant before you invoice.
UK VAT rates in short
- 20% standard rate: most goods and services.
- 5% reduced rate: for example domestic fuel and power, children's car seats and some energy-saving materials.
- 0% zero rate: most food, books and newspapers, and children's clothes. Zero-rated sales still count as VAT-taxable sales; exempt sales do not.
GOV.UK's rates on different goods and services lists every item.
Frequently asked questions
How do I calculate 20% VAT?
Multiply the net price by 0.2 for the VAT, or by 1.2 for the price including VAT. £250 net has £50 VAT, £300 in total.
How do I remove VAT from a price?
Divide the price including VAT by 1 plus the rate as a decimal: by 1.2 for 20%, 1.19 for 19%, 1.05 for 5%. The difference is the VAT.
Does it work for GST in Australia or New Zealand?
Yes. The arithmetic is the same: type 10% for Australia or 15% for New Zealand, and choose AUD or NZD.
Which VAT rate should I charge?
It depends on what you sell and where. Most sales use the standard rate; check the official list for reduced or zero-rated items, and get advice for sales across borders.
Is anything I type sent anywhere?
No. The sums are done in your browser and nothing is stored or uploaded.
Last updated 15 November 2026. Made by Criza Labs. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.